The Morality of Human Act - 1606 Words

THE MORALITY OF HUMAN ACTS I. HUMAN ACTS AND ACTS OF MAN Human Acts are different from Acts of man. We cannot talk about goodness and badness of an act if we are dealing with acts of man. Only with human acts can we determined whether an act is moral or immoral. Acts of man are: acts that happen â€Å"naturally† acts done without self-awareness without deliberation, reflection, consent Instinctive, spontaneous acts that human beings share with other animals Human Acts acts with conscious knowledge acts that are done freely acts done with consent Human acts are those that are freely chosen in consequence of a judgment of conscience. Human acts are actions that proceed from insight into the nature and purpose of one’s doing from the†¦show more content†¦A distinction should be made act between an act done with fear from an act done because of fear. Only in acts done because of fear can fear be considered as a modifier of human act. Acts done with fear- (eg. Even if Felix is afraid to use a gun and it was his first time to shoot a person, he shot the intruder of their house and foiled the robbery attempt.) Acts done out of fear – (eg. With the robber poking a gun on him, Felix was forced to give all the cash collections in exchange for the life of his wife and child) Principles governing fear: Acts done with fear are voluntary; the person acts in spite of fear and is thus in control of his/her behavior; the person is morally responsible. Acts done because of fear are involuntary. The person is not morally accountable for his/her action. 4. Violence Violence is any physical force exerted on a person by another free agent for the purpose of compelling that person to act against his/her will; any act where great and brutal force is inflicted, eg. torture, mutilation, etc. Action resulting from violence is involuntary while the person’s will remains defiant against the aggressor; no consent even if compelled. (eg. Fred signed an affidavit of desistance after he was mauled by the goons of a landowner) Principles Governing Violence Action resulting from violence is involuntary while one’s will remains defiant against theShow MoreRelatedMorality And Technology And The Presence Of Technology1623 Words   |  7 Pagestheir lives. These lessons teach morality and begin to introduce certain values to children. In this way, every person develops values throughout his/her life that are impacted by his or her environment, biology and social constructs. Through these values, morality is developed and because each person has his or her own unique values, morality is based upon the individual. All organisms have evolved throughout their existence on Earth, but interestingly, humans are the only species that apply moralsRead MoreAristotle And Plato s Views On Politics And Morality Essay1480 Words   |  6 Pagesfocused on morality with reference to the political thinkers, Aristotle and Plato. Aristotle and Plato have two fundamentally differing views on politics and how it links to morality. Morality to Arist otle and Plato will be analysed through their version of how politics utensils morality to carry out legislation or create a universal manner carried out by the citizens. To achieve this, this essay will examine the following points, Human nature and human soul. This essay will argue how the human natureRead MoreThe Ethical Concepts Of Kantian Ethics Essay1043 Words   |  5 PagesMorality in Reasons, not Consequences Introduction The philosophy of Kant has become a turning point in the development of the Western thinking and worldview. His innovative and progressive ideas have strongly contributed to the formation of a new paradigm of the universe and role of humans in it. A great role in Kant’s studies belongs to the analysis of ethics, morality and law as the main regulators of the human behavior in the society Kant is known as the founder of the deontological ethics (Kantianism)Read MoreMorality : The Basis Of Morality1586 Words   |  7 Pages2 TOPIC ONE: THE BASIS OF MORALITY The basis of morality has been major area of discussion for philosophers for many years. In The Leviathan, Hobbes argues that desire and aversion determine what is good, evil, right or wrong, believing in a subjective self-interest based view on morality. In The Grounding of Metaphysics of Morals, Kant takes a rational approach, arguing that it is reason that plays a role in determining the same, thus having an objective view on morality. In my opinion, Hobbes’ accountRead MoreThe Connection Between Law And Morality1718 Words   |  7 PagesII. WHAT IS MORALITY? â€Å"Law would not be really imperative, we know, unless behind the sword of the magistrate, the bulk of mankind felt the weight of social obligation, the irresistible burden of custom, of immemorial tradition, and the like, a social, and even a religious sanctity. The connection of law and morality has been much discussed ever since the revival of the scientific study of jurisprudence, but the question is not yet, and perhaps never will be, settled. Every variety of opinionRead MoreImmanuel Kant addresses a question often asked in political theory: the relationship between900 Words   |  4 Pagesbehavior and morality -- how people do behave in politics and how they ought to behave. Observers of political action recognize that political action is often a morally questionable business. Yet many of us, whether involved heavily in political action or not, have a sense that political behavior could and should be better than this. In Appendix 1 of Perpetual Peace, Kant explicates that conflict does not exist between politics and morality, because politics is an application of morality. ObjectivelyRead MoreReligion And Religious Laws On Religion975 Words   |  4 PagesFor centuries there have been many religions that humans have incorporated int o their lives. All religions have certain moral rules that they want their followers and society have to obey without questioning why the rules exist. Some of the religious rules have put limits on humans that go completely against human nature. This because we as humans are consider as mammals and animals as well Although there are many positive views of religion there are also many negative aspects to religious laws.Read MorePhilosophy: Beauty is not Morality 1395 Words   |  6 Pagesto humans. Beauty practices start as far back as foot binding and continues up to today with cosmetic surgeries such as liposuction. On every billboard, magazine, and commercial citizens are reminded that they are not as physically attractive as they could be and there is a solutions to their problem. In his analysis of beauty, Kant states that beauty is morality. Despite the fact physical beauty is highly valued in society, it is not the driving factor when it comes to determining morality andRea d MoreUtilitarianism And Immanuel Kant1213 Words   |  5 Pagesone should always act in accordance to the outcome that will give him the best outcome. The categorical imperative rule of Kant seems to suggest that actions must be universal for them to be classified as either moral or immoral. John Stuart Mill also strongly contributed to the development of philosophical views that have continued to influence different aspects in a variety of different disciplines. Among his many developments is the utilitarianism theory that explains morality. Mill argues thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Lon Fuller s Inner Morality 1616 Words   |  7 PagesLon Fuller is known for what he calls the â€Å"internal morality† of law. In â€Å"Eight Ways to Fail to Make Law,† Fuller sets out eight standards that he claims compose â€Å"inner morality† and must be present in order for a legal system to exist. First of Fuller’s standards, there must be rules. These rules create a precedent. Second, these rules must be made public. If these laws are secret, then they cannot guide behavior. Thus, non-publicized laws cannot be laws in Fuller’s sense of the term. Third, laws

Methamphetamine, A Chemical Substance That Affects Human...

Methamphetamine, commonly known as â€Å"meth†, a chemical substance that affects human nervous system in many undesirable ways. Despite of its many physical, social, and environmental side effects, meth consumption is continuous among teenage males. Both Adam Barkman and Greg Littmann present their views on a fictional producer of this deadly substance, Walter White: how Walt’s morals and his thoughts about meth production has impacted his character, and how his actions of producing meth has questioned legal rights and wrongs of recreational and legal drugs production and its producer. Although both argue different aspects of the same topic, they differ when it comes to the question of Walt’s morality. In It’s Arbitrary, Barkman refutes Littmann’s claim on â€Å"do no harm†, consent of an adult, and proving Littmann wrong for his own arguments by using â€Å"clear headedness principle.† Society is governed by our senses of right and wrong. Our beliefs say that we should not abuse anyone without any reason and we should not spread violence in our society. If we notice someone who is in physical or mental harm, we are suppose to help them to help them to lower their burden. Meth is a chemical substance that increases the risk of damage to the body of its consumer over the time. Littmann says, â€Å"Walt’s crime differs very significantly from burglary and mugging in at least one extremely important respect: Walt doesn’t force anyone to use meth,† (Littmann 2). Littmann is making the point thatShow MoreRelatedInformative Essay About Drugs1020 Words   |  5 Pagesthe background and effects of drugs on the human body and mind (Scheme=AGLSTERMS.AglsAgent; corporateName=State Library of New South Wales). Psychoactive drugs are chemicals that affect the nervous system, which can alter a person’s awareness and consciousness, alter our perception and change what we see, and most commonly known, change our moods and thoughts. There are legal psychoactive drugs such as coffee, alcohol, and tobacco and illicit substances such as marijuana, cocaine, heroin, and LSDRead MoreThe Addiction Of Methamphetamine Among Juvenile Essay1659 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The addiction of methamphetamine amongst juvenile’s and adults has reached epidemic proportions that affect the individual, families and communities. Methamphetamine abuse has crossed all social economic boundaries that have negatively impacted law enforcement, social and clinical services. According to Anglin, Burke, Perrochet, Stamper and Dawud-Noursi (2000), methamphetamine, also known as meth, crystal, or speed, is a substance that affects the central nervous system creating a stimulantRead MoreEssay about Psychoactive Drugs and Their Effect on Consciousness989 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the history of the human species, we have been always wanted to know three basic questions: why we are here, where did we come from, and where do we go after this life? Whether we were created from an omnipotent being as in many religions, we happened by chance and made it to where we are through evolution, or maybe even something else. Whatever the case may be, humans have always been curious and wondered about our existence and consciousness. Along with these age old questions, alsoRead MoreMeth: The Drug That Can Do It All554 Words   |  2 Pages Methamphetamine (C10H15N), also known colloquially as Meth, along with other names, has recently been talked about a lot of popularized by the television show, Breaking Bad. It has a molecular weight of 149.2328 (The PubChem Project (NCBI), n.d.). Methamphetamine is found as white, solid odorless crystals. It is used to stimulate the central nervous system, like caffeine (The PubChem Project (NCBI), n.d.). It mimics a different drug, however, called Dexamfetamine, which is used for treating ADHDRead MoreHow Dopamine Works Human Body1956 Words   |  8 PagesBowers Chem.130 M/W section How Dopamine works in Human Body Introduction Pleasure, happiness, love, excitation, motivation, pain, anxiety, sad, anger, and all emotional feelings related to human being are linked to the chemicals and hormones that reach to the brain. The human body needs to function properly using the chemicals, hormones and fluids to be found in balance. This state of being balanced is called homeostasis. If one or more of these chemicals fall out of balance from either an increase orRead MoreQuestions on Psychology1708 Words   |  7 PagesWhich of the following statements most accurately represents the use of plant-based psychoactive substances? A. Plant-based psychoactive drugs are uncommon today and rarely used. B. Today marijuana is the only plant-based psychoactive substance that is still used. C. All plants that yield psychoactive substances are illegal today. D. About 4,000 plants yield psychoactive substances, and the vast majority are not illegal. 2. The Gin Epidemic†¦ E. is a myth F. wasRead MoreHow Dopamine Works Human Body2356 Words   |  10 Pagesworks in Human Body 1. Dopamine 2. Drugs 3. Dopamine Deficiency 4. Dopamine Treatments Introduction Pleasure, happiness, love, excitation, motivation, pain, anxiety, sad, anger, and all emotional feelings related to human being are linked to the chemicals and hormonesRead MoreThe Truth Of Drug Addiction2365 Words   |  10 PagesAt least for a little while† (Hopkins 1). In Ellen Hopkins novel , Crank , the main character, Kristina experiences her life collapsing due to methamphetamine. Kristina’s life had many possibilities of being successful. She was a gifted high-school student, discreet and never in trouble. Her talent was thrown away when she was introduced to methamphetamine. The reader follows Kristina s downward spiral as she attempts to feed her addiction and deal with the consequences of the bad decisions thatRead MoreDrug Abuse : A Growing Epidemic World Wide2212 Words   |  9 PagesThe history of the drug Methamphetamine (MA) abuse is a growing epidemic world wide. The 2009 World Drug report suggests that up to 51 million individuals have used methamphetamine at least once in the past 12 months. Dependence is a serious worldwide public health problem associated with major medical, psychiatric, cognitive, socioeconomic and legal consequences (Petit et al., 2012). This is can be easily made with ingredients that are easily obtained. Methamphetamine was developed in JapanRead MoreDrug Addiction Essay1519 Words   |  7 Pagesneed that since everyone else is trying this drug that they wouldn’t become addicted like them. Addiction can range from simply drinking coffee to inserting injection of heroin into your bloodstream. Addiction is a serious topic that is involved with human nature all over the world which can damage a person and their health. During the 1970’s, the drug usage in North America started to increase, â€Å"The proportion who said there is great risk in regular marijuana use rose from 35% in 1978 to 79% and 99

Cross-Cultural Business Behavior-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Cross-Cultural Business Communication. Answer: The potential to communicate, arrange and successfully work with people from different cultures is essential to worldwide business. Cross-cultural communication focuses at how individuals from other cultures comprehend each other and work effectively together. Being an absolute cross-cultural communicator that requires to be abiding by the norms, customs, values and beliefs of a very different culture, being competent to identify how these are represented by both verbal and nonverbal communication and victoriously absorb this information into the communication. Business is stretching worldwide (Jacobs 2012). However, many companies are going intercontinental. Recruitment, sales, management, marketing and environment of the workplace are overblown by cultures within the organization. Thus, it is crucial to note that organizations do not need to be global to have divergent cultures within it (Wild, Wild and Han 2014). This essay discusses about the business decorum cross culturally and how effectively one can make his first impression setting up a business cross-cultural. It also focuses on the areas of potential intercultural miscommunication are explained through a cultural framework. Each culture is dissimilar, and has various approach of etiquette. Daily deals are adrift through misinterpretation, even among comparatively alike cultures. These misinterpretations need not be enormous to have an outcome on the business; a faulty first impression can leave the person in front or the customer with an inferior feeling. Signifying the correct etiquette can help keep this away and preserve a considerable deal of time and money being wasted (Washington, Okoro and Thomas 2012). Japanese etiquette in relation with business in operation is not distinct like politeness, vulnerability and good manners are the support of business protocol among Japanese just as the business protocol in Europe or in the United States. The chief contrast is that Japanese professional protocol is further fixed especially in an initial meeting when the trading of the disreputable business card of Japanese is mostly ceremonial. There are definite features of the business etiquettes of Japanese like for instance business clothing which are very customary in comparison to profession in the United States and Europe and in definite situations the majority of particularly when implementing business with an organization where an administrative or superior manager has lately passed away where one should be very delicate. For overseas organizations executives though, etiquettes of business at Japan in 2004 is not that differ from that of Germany, France or the United Kingdom and while vastly differ on the exterior from that of United States business protocol, it is not that divergent once one get to understand the people they are dealing with (Okoro 2012). There are certain key features of Business etiquette in Japan like the business card, which is necessary have for doing business in Japan. They always prefer to present their business card with both hands and they expect the person in front will accept that with respect also with using their both hands and then say thank you. They never entertain writing notes on the business cards. These business cards must be shown respect and should never being played with. Then comes the attire the etiquettes must be getting less formal but the attire for business is fixed. For men they never allow them to have beard or has head shaven. On the other hand, women in Japan are very fashion conscious but still much company never allow wearing jewelries, very short skirts or high heels in shoes (Dunn 2013). For both men and women their attire is not complete without the business card (Alston 2012). Then regarding business meetings, it is found that there is always a telephonic confirmation before one to two hours for a scheduled meeting, they prefer to get the information 1 hour before any meeting if, and there are chances of being late. They prefer if the client/ employ has a set plan for the meeting like the agenda, during a meeting Japanese prefer notes taking as it indicates that one is interested in the meeting and so taking everything down (Gesteland 2012). Then they look for the personal habits one have like one should now blow the nose in public, one should not grab the hand of the host at the time of first meeting, Japanese men should not be patted on their back or shoulder, derogatory remarks should be avoided. Lastly, they prefer smiling faces that have the willingness to learn and they entertain being questioned about their customers company (Martin and Chaney 2012). Apart from all these to make a favorable first impression, Emily should be considerate and never be pretentious of being someone else. Showing respect to the business card is the most important thing she should keep in mind. If she is going out for dinner then she must try to eat what she can and being good with chopsticks before she goes as the Japanese value this highly. As she is coming from a different culture and place so, she can bring a small gift that should not be expensive in any way, and for her first meeting she can give this present. A more timid, formal attitude, especially at the origin of a business relationship, it is preferable to be received when doing business in Japan. Emily musttreat senior executives with a more marked respect than to the younger ones in the group with whom she will be interacting. The psychologist Dr Geert Hofstede publishes Hofstedes six dimensions of culture at the end of 1970. Since then this has become recognized worldwide as the norm for understanding the differences among cultures. He studied people working in IBM from more than 50 countries (Eringa et al. 2015). At first she came up with four aspects that distinguished one culture from another but later, he added other two aspects in collaboration with Drs Michael H. Bond and Michael Minkov. The six features of this model are as follows:- Power Distance Index (high versus low) (PDI) Individualism Versus Collectivism (IDV) Masculinity Versus Femininity (MAS) Uncertainty Avoidance Index (high versus low) (UAI) Pragmatic Versus Normative (PRA) Indulgence Versus Restraint (IVR) The areas of potential cross-cultural miscommunication can be discussed using in model where the PDI cites to the height of inequality that prevails and is embraced among people those have power or those who are without it. So a high PDI score means that the society accepts the different, vertical power distributions where the peoples understands their places in the system whereas, a low score means that the power that has been shared and scatters are not accepted by the people in the society (Hofstede 2013). IDV states to the power of the bonds that individuals have with others inside the company. Thus, a high score in IDV means the interpersonal connection is weak and so they avoid taking responsibilities for the actions and results of others. MAS refers that how the distributions of respective roles are overlapped less and so in masculine dominating societies men are suppose to act assertively whereas in female oriented societies there the overlap of roles occur and fairness is pe rceived as morality (Borker 2012). The space between the values of men and women is huge inJapanandAustria, with the MAS scores of 95 and 79 respectively. UAI defines how well the people can deal with anxiety people in low UAI scoring countries are more loosen, open or comprehensive. PRA is also called the long-term orientation where the point to which individual needs to describe the unaccountable and is highly associated to devoutness and patriotism. Lastly, IVR which is very new says that high score allows or inspires free indulgence in peoples inner drives and emotions. In addition, low score indicates suppressing those indulgences where the social norms are stricter (Minkov and Hofstede 2012). Emily should use this model and avoid causing any kind of offence being in a different culture. However to have a successful meeting she must evaluate her approach, decisions and provide with a much needed confidence boost working in an oversea country. Emily must further get herself familiarize with at least some of the basics of the culture of Japan, show awareness to her gestures and postures, to avoid any kind of miscommunication she must focus on the cues that she can get when interaction with them. To conclude this report, it can be said that cross-cultural communication as found is the way in which people comprehend each others behavior and work effectually. As business are growing worldwide and so there are individuals from different culture who are working together under one, roof. Emily who is visiting Japan for an interview so that she can enlarge her business must keep in mind the business etiquettes that the Japanese likes like respecting the business card, punctuality, attire as well as general personal habits. As she is from a very different country, she must avoid miscommunication and so the cultural framework of Hofstede is discussed where the psychologist Dr Geert Hofstede has explained six of the aspects of the cross-cultural communication and paying attention to it Emily can actually adjust to increase the success of her meeting with manager called Mr.Hamasaki. References Alston, J.P., 2012.Intelligent Businessman's Guide to Japan. Tuttle Publishing. Borker, D.R., 2012. Accounting, culture, and emerging economies: IFRS in the BRIC countries.Journal of Business Economics Research (Online),10(5), p.313. Dunn, C.D., 2013. Speaking politely, kindly, and beautifully: Ideologies of politeness in Japanese business etiquette training. Eringa, K., Caudron, L.N., Rieck, K., Xie, F. and Gerhardt, T., 2015. How relevant are Hofstede's dimensions for inter-cultural studies? A replication of Hofstede's research among current international business students.Research in Hospitality Management,5(2), pp.187-198. Gesteland, R.R., 2012.Cross-cultural business behavior: a guide for global management. Copenhagen Business School Press DK. Hofstede, G., 2013. Hierarchical power distance in forty countries.Organizations Alike and Unlike, ed. CJ Lammers and DJ Hickson (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979), pp.97-119. Jacobs, A., 2012.Cross-cultural communication. Noordhoff. Martin, J.S. and Chaney, L.H., 2012.Global Business Etiquette: A Guide to International Communication and Customs: A Guide to International Communication and Customs. ABC-CLIO. Minkov, M. and Hofstede, G., 2012. Hofstedes fifth dimension: New evidence from the World Values Survey.Journal of cross-cultural psychology,43(1), pp.3-14. Okoro, E., 2012. Cross-cultural etiquette and communication in global business: Toward a strategic framework for managing corporate expansion.International journal of business and management,7(16), p.130. Washington, M.C., Okoro, E.A. and Thomas, O., 2012. Intercultural communication in global business: An analysis of benefits and challenges.The International Business Economics Research Journal (Online),11(2), p.217. Wild, J.J., Wild, K.L. and Han, J.C., 2014.International business. Pearson Education Limited.

What Inspires Me to Make Art free essay sample

My friend and I sat on her floor one day and pondered our life’s worst possible scenarios. We began with the best and slowly eliminated key factors: dream job, beautiful husband, tropical location, happy smiley children, millions of dollars coming down from the sky with no particular explanation, happiness. As we neared the worst case we arrived at: lonely, ugly, and dirty lives.My worst-case scenario was to live in a tiny apartment not in a city. There would be one window looking out over someone else’s small patch of dying grass. Every wall in the house would be painted the same dull color that could have once been blue or green or white or brown. Now it all just looks like an unhealthy grey.My friend winced. But I had already resolved this situation. â€Å"Ill draw all over the walls and write stories on tiny sheets of paper and roll them up and drop them out the window for someone to find and enjoy,† I said. We will write a custom essay sample on What Inspires Me to Make Art or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"I’ll live in a dream world where everything is imagination so nothing can ever go wrong.†So this was no longer my worst possible situation because no matter how far into any kind of a hellish failure I placed myself, I was left with one thing: My creative mind.â€Å"I’ll be the woman trapped all day in the toll booth whose job is utterly pointless and lonely since EZpass came around,† I decide. â€Å"Instead of dwelling on my life’s sad situation, I’ll watch and think about each person who passes by. I’ll write stories inspired by the fleeting glimpses of commuter’s faces on their way to work† and with that small glimmer of creative expression and freedom I have raised myself out of the worst case scenario.If I see something meaningful and I notice, and ponder and analyze, I become an artist with my mind and those thoughts become art, even if I never tell a soul. If I write about what I have observed I become an artist with words and the words become art. If I see something beautiful and I draw it, I become an artist with my hand, and the beautiful thing becomes art.To be an artist is to notice the world as it moves around me. I’ve heard it said that artists see the same things that the rest of the world sees, only they see them better. The small mind’s definition of art is a beautiful drawing; the larger picture is that there is art in everything seen with the intention of beauty. And it is possible to find beauty in ugliness, or decay. An artist is someone who can see the artistic potential, the beauty, in anything.Good lawyers practice the art of law. They play with the way we see what we see in a crime or a disagreement, they’re looking at it differently, perhaps seeing better, than someone who doesnt practice this art. Anything done in a fine careful way can be called an art and anyone who does it can be called an artist.When I feel pointless I create something- any silly thing. By creating it I can remember that I matter, that without me this little creation could not be.No matter where or how I end up it will be impossible to reach that worst case scenario that I searched for that day with my friend. Because I am an artist and, though the best case scenario does involve paintings, movies, clay, discussions, pencils and paper, none of those things are necessary to existing in a world where everything I see and do and am is beautiful and meaningful and art.What inspires me is everything, and everything, when looked at in the context of an answer to a specific question can easily look like one thing; art. Art inspires me to do art. And I don’t mean art as in Renaissance masterpieces but art as in smiles and dirt, light and air, stories and telephone conversations. Not what these things look like when they are photographed, filmed or painted; but what these things look like as they happen, as they exist. I do art because art is how I see the world. I exist inside it and see it everywhere and that is why I have no choice but to capture, describe, record, listen to, appreciate, and be inspired to make it.